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Iterable 是一个接口,它只有一个方法 iterator(),要求返回一个 Iterator

package java.lang;  
  
public interface Iterable<T> {  
    Iterator<T> iterator();  
} 

Iterator 本身也是个接口,它有 hasNext()next()remove() 三个方法。

package java.util;  
  
public interface Iterator<T> {  
	boolean hasNext();  
	T       next();  
	void    remove(); //optional  
}  

一般的实现为:

import java.util.*;  
  
public class StringArray implements Iterable<String> {  
    private String[] words;  
      
    public StringArray() {  
        words = "This is the default sentence".split(" ");  
    }  
      
    public StringArray(String sentence) {  
        words = sentence.split(" ");  
    }  
      
    public Iterator<String> iterator() {  
        return new Iterator<String>() {  
            private int index = 0;  
              
            public boolean hasNext() {  
                return index <= words.length - 1;  
            }  
              
            public String next() {  
                return words[index++];  
            }  
              
            public void remove() {  
                // we do not implement it here  
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();  
            }  
        };  
    }  
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        StringArray sa = new StringArray("Hello World");  
          
        for (String s : sa) {
            System.out.println(s);  
		}
	}  
}  

//output:  
/*   
    Hello    
    World 
*/ 

目前有这么一个问题,如果一个类想要有不同的 Iterable 效果怎么办?我们可以给这个类定义不同的方法来返回不同的 Iterable 实现,而不是让类自己去实现 Iterable 接口。这样也是可以使用 foreach 语句的,因为 foreach 的语法要求就是 for (Obj o : Iterable i),冒号后面放一个 Iterable 实现就好了,具体是什么形式并不限制。如下:

public class ReverseStringArray {  
    private String[] words;  
      
    public ReverseStringArray() {
        words = "This is the default sentence".split(" ");  
    }  
      
    public ReverseStringArray(String sentence) {
        words = sentence.split(" ");  
    }  
      
    public Iterable<String> reverseIterable() {
        return new Iterable<String>() {  
            public Iterator<String> iterator() {  
                return new Iterator<String>() {  
                    private int index = words.length - 1;  
                  
                    public boolean hasNext() {  
                        return index >= 0;  
                    }  
                  
                    public String next() {  
                        return words[index--];  
                    }  
                      
                    public void remove() {  
                        // we do not implement it here  
                        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();  
                    }  
                };  
            }  
        };  
    }  
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReverseStringArray rsa = new ReverseStringArray("Hello World");  
          
        for (String s : rsa.reverseIterable()) { 
            System.out.println(s);
		}
    }  
}  
  
//output:  
/* 
    World 
    Hello 
*/  

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